Biogas is a gas composed mainly of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), with traces of hydrogen (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) generated by the biological decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
For the transformation of waste into biogas to occur, it is crucial to control various parameters, including temperature, agitation, pH, and others, as thousands of bacteria participate in this symbiotic consortium.
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By using biogas, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This is because biogas is produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste, capturing methane that would otherwise be released directly into the atmosphere.
Furthermore, biogas is a storable and reliable source of energy. Its storage capability allows for greater flexibility in its usage, which can be particularly valuable during peak demand situations or when other energy sources are not available.
Biogas is a flexible energy source, capable of being converted into biomethane for vehicle use or injection into the natural gas grid, or into electricity through power generation systems. This versatility contributes to diversifying the energy matrix and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
It is also a renewable and dispatchable energy source, meaning it can be produced continuously regardless of weather conditions. This makes it a reliable energy source, complementing other intermittent sources.
Biogas generation occurs in a decentralized manner, often in small units near organic waste production sites such as farms, food processing facilities, or wastewater treatment plants. This reduces the need for long waste transport routes and associated costs.
Finally, biogas production systems can be designed as 100% closed-loop and self-sustainable systems, creating a sustainable cycle that reduces the need for external inputs and minimizes environmental impact.